JOURNAL OF CHILEAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

Vol 64 No 2 (2019): Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society
Original Research Papers

CHEMICAL QUALITY OF URBAN AND RURAL DRINKING WATER, IN TARAPACA, NORTHERN ARID AREA OF CHILE

Venecia Herrera
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Laboratorio de Química Analítica y Ambiental . Universidad Arturo Prat Environmental Research Center, CENIMA, Universidad Arturo Prat Research and Development Center for Water Resources, CIDERH, Universidad Arturo Prat
Cristian Carrasco
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Laboratorio de Química Analítica y Ambiental . Universidad Arturo Prat Environmental Research Center, CENIMA, Universidad Arturo Prat
Paola Araneda
Environmental Research Center, CENIMA, Universidad Arturo Prat
Juan M. Sandoval
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Laboratorio de Química Analítica y Ambiental . Universidad Arturo Prat
Published July 25, 2019
Keywords
  • water chemistry quality,
  • geochemistry,
  • stability indexes,
  • regulations
How to Cite
Herrera, V., Carrasco, C., Araneda, P., & Sandoval, J. M. (2019). CHEMICAL QUALITY OF URBAN AND RURAL DRINKING WATER, IN TARAPACA, NORTHERN ARID AREA OF CHILE. Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society, 64(2). Retrieved from https://jcchems.com/index.php/JCCHEMS/article/view/1207

Abstract

The population of Tarapacá, northern Chile, is supplied with drinking water of underground origin. The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical quality of water for human consumption in nine urban and rural locations and its compliance with current norms (temperature, salinity, alkalinity, dissolved majority ions, As and B). Geochemical classifications were deduced to consider the origin and relationships between waters. Moreover, five water stability indicators were evaluated to estimate potential corrositivity (B/Cl- ratio, Cl-/SO42- ratio and Larson ratio) and calcareous inlays formation (Langelier Saturation Index and Ryzman Stability Index). The samples analyzed were determined had mild temperatures, slightly alkaline, with a wide range of values of salinity (74.7 - 1287 mg L-1). The hydrogeochemical results confirmed four water types: Na+/HCO3--Cl--SO42-, Na+/SO42-, Na+-Ca2+/SO42-, and Na+-Ca2+/Cl--SO42-. The 168 samples reached 100% of the degree of compliance of NCh409, except in the wells of Colonia Pintados, where As concentration exceeded 13 to 30 times the norm. Sulphate and B exceded international standards. The water taste deterioration can be attributed to high concentrations of SO42-, Cl-, Ca2+, and B. Finally, water stability indexes determined the capacity for severe corrosively potential and formation of light calcareous deposits. The internal regulations of the country must harmonize and admit substances suggested by the WHO.

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