Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society

DESIGN AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A BILAYER SODIUM ALGINATE/CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE PATCH ENRICHED WITH CANNABIDIOL AND ACTIVATED CARBON FOR POTENTIAL USE IN ACNE TREATMENT

Maria Angelica Velandia Paris — 2025-11-10

This research explores the use of natural polymers as a sustainable alternative to synthetic polymers for developing patches with diverse applications. We created a bilayer patch utilizing sodium alginate (SA) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) as natural polymers. Each layer contained an active ingredient: cannabidiol (CBD) in the SA layer and activated carbon (AC) in the CMC layer. CBD and AC were chosen due to their potential as natural treatments for skin conditions like acne. The SA layer was formed using ionic gelation, while the CMC layer was created through compression, both considered eco-friendly methods.

The mechanical properties of the patch were evaluated, showing the SA layer had a breaking strength of 11.617 N ± 0.2839, and the CMC layer had a strength of 12.36 N ± 0.1300. Both layers exhibited effective swelling capacity for exudate containment, with swelling percentages of 75.78% ± 1.120 for SA and 76.84% ± 1.171 for CMC. The morphology of the layers met expectations.

To quantify the amount of CBD in the patch, high-performance liquid chromatography was employed, optimizing separation conditions based on the column used. The analysis revealed that the SA layer contained 2.08 mg of CBD. The analytical method proved accurate for quantifying CBD in various patch samples.

In summary, the developed bilayer patch, using natural materials and sustainable techniques, presents a viable alternative to conventional acne treatments. It demonstrates suitable mechanical properties and effective CBD release, aligning with greener and more sustainable practices.

DESIGN OF AN INDUSTRIAL ELECTROCHEMICAL PLANT FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT

ABDELKADER SAILA — 2025-11-10

Pollution load of water from urban networks is very notable, especially in large towns and industrial sites. In this context, the search for good solutions for this problem is highly important in current studies. Many chemical, physical and biological treatment methods have been developed. However, each of these methods has specific advantages. Therefore, the search for other solutions remains an exploited area. Among these new techniques to be developed are electrochemical methods. They present significant techniques in the elimination of organic and minerals pollutants; as well as, biological contaminants. In the present work, we have contributed to the design of an industrial electrochemical plant for the treatment of different pollutants based in previous studies. Firstly: we carried out an exhaustive study on the electrochemical processes used in the elimination of different pollutants. We approved a simulation to design a simple form of an electrochemical reactor. Furthermore, we regrouped the necessary information on electrode materials and experimentally confirmed the use of a general economic electrode. This investigation allowed constructing an efficient database to design an industrial scale electrochemical processing reactor, from which we used economic and efficient materials.

A RAPID AND GREEN FLOW INJECTION METHOD FOR THE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF AL IN AQUEOUS MATRICES

Cesar Soto — 2025-11-10

A novel spectrophotometric method for the determination of aluminum (III) in aqueous samples was developed, validated, and optimized, based on the complex formation, between the analyte and Chromo azurol S using flow injection (FI) system. A five factor central composite design (CCD) using the response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the experimental reaction variables. The resulting second order polynomial model was found to be highly statistically significant, cofirming its excellent fit to the experimental data. Under the optimized conditions, the method demostrated satisfactory accuracy and precisión. The method s robustness was confirmed using a Youden-Steiner test, and was successful applicated and validated to tap wáter samples. The FI method shows advantages over the batch conventional operation, such as high sensitivity, low volume simple consumption, and high sample throughput (40 samples hr ^-1). Also achieved a high analytical GREEnness metric (AGREE) and blue applicability grade index (BAGI), which confirms its ecological quality and practicality. This work provides a rapid, cost-effective, and reliable analytical tool for the determination of aluminium in aqueous matrices.

COMPARISON OF PROFILES, ANTIOXIDANT, ENZYME INHIBITORY AND CYTOTOXIC CAPACITIES OF PHENOLIC EXTRACTS OF FIVE Teucrium SPECIES FROM TURKIYE

Raziye Ozturk Urek — 2025-11-10

The study aims to investigate the phenolic compounds, antioxidant-enzyme inhibitory activities, and cytotoxic effects of the flavonoid subgroups and phenolic acid extracts of the Teucrium chamaedrys ssp chamaedrys (TCC), T. chamaedrys ssp lydium (TCL), T. polium (TP), endemic T. alyssifolium (TA), T. kotschyanum (TK) from Türkiye. Among the phenolics determined, phenolic acids were found to be in the highest concentration, particularly caffeic, p-coumaric, and t-cinnamic acids. In term of antioxidant activity, the best IC₅₀ values of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (23.21±0.78 µg/mL), hydroxyl (HO^•) (1.01±0.01 µg/mL), nitric oxide scavenging (12.28±0.91 µg/mL) and metal chelating (20.10±0.66 µg/mL) were determined in TP, TCL, TK, and TA, respectively. Additionally, TCL has a 5.05-times higher quenching capacity of HO^•compared to butylated-hydroxytoluene. The best acetylcholinesterase and tyrosinase inhibitions were detected in TK and TCC, respectively. While the cytotoxic properties of these extracts against HepG2, OE-33, HeLa, ACC-201, and MCF-7 cancer cells were detected, more extensive effect was observed against HepG2 in TCC, TP, TA, and TCL. According to the results, the richness of Teucrium species in phenolic compounds, the importance of their antioxidant-enzyme inhibitory properties and their cytotoxic effects make their potential as natural component sources in food and medical come to the fore.

INTEGRATED MOLECULAR DOCKING AND ADMET ANALYSIS OF Hyoscyamus niger METABOLITES TARGETING Α-GLUCOSIDASE AND Α-AMYLASE FOR ANTIDIABETIC THERAPY

Cristian Paz — 2025-11-10

The global diabetes epidemic requires safer therapeutic alternatives to conventional α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitors, which cause significant gastrointestinal side effects. Natural products provide structurally diverse scaffolds for antidiabetic drug discovery. This study evaluated the dual enzyme inhibitory potential of Hyoscyamus niger L. (black henbane) through integrated experimental and computational approaches. Methanolic extracts of H. niger seeds were assessed for α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities using enzymatic assays. H. niger extract exhibited superior inhibitory activity compared to acarbose, with IC₅₀ values of 35.85 ± 5 μg/mL (α-glucosidase) and 44.56 ± 5 μg/mL (α-amylase) versus acarbose's IC₅₀ values of 141.0 ± 5 μg/mL and 131.0 ± 10 μg/mL, respectively. 100 phytochemicals were subjected to molecular docking against target enzymes (PDB IDs: 3L4Y and 3BAJ). Lead compounds were evaluated for drug-likeness using Lipinski's Rule of Five and comprehensive ADMET profiling. Molecular docking identified one coumarinolignan called cleomiscosin B as the most promising lead compound, demonstrating excellent binding affinities (-8.1 kcal/mol for both enzymes), complete Lipinski compliance, and favorable safety profiles with no AMES toxicity. In spite to pongamoside D was also founded as the top dual-target inhibitor with binding affinities of -9.3 kcal/mol (α-amylase) and -8.3 kcal/mol (α-glucosidase). However, ADMET analysis suggested that pongamoside D violated Lipinski's rule and showed positive AMES toxicity with possible carcinogenicity risk. This study establishes H. niger as a valuable source of novel dual-target antidiabetic compounds, with cleomiscosin B representing a promising alternative to synthetic inhibitors.

THYMOQUINONE DERIVATIVES AS POTENTIAL ANTICANCER AGENTS: A REVIEW

Neelima Shrivastava — 2025-11-10

Thymoquinone (TQ) is a versatile bioactive moiety initially found in the seeds of Nigella sativa L., along with other medicinal plants such as Thymus vulgaris L., Satureja montana L., and Monarda fistulosa L. Due to its diverse pharmacological properties and potency to treat many diseases like cancer, convulsions, inflammation, etc., it has gained interest from chemists. TQ acts as an anticancer by modulating the key pathways in cellular mechanisms by inhibiting the proliferation of cells, inducing apoptosis, and disrupting the cell cycle. Its clinical applications are still limited due to poor bioavailability, fast metabolism, and low blood retention. To overcome these limitations, advancements in drug delivery systems and QSAR studies are being explored. To develop optimized TQ-based therapies, the understanding of molecular mechanisms is important. The present review provides a better understanding and knowledge of the phytochemical profile of Nigella sativa, the biological activities of thymoquinone, its therapeutic potential in cancer treatment, and highlights ongoing efforts in formulation strategies and drug design to translate its promising pharmacological effects into clinical applications.

PRECISION AND PROGRESS: ADVANCES IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY FOR BIOANALYSIS

Saswati Panigrahy — 2025-11-10

Analytical chemistry is pivotal in the progression of bioanalysis, facilitating precise quantification and characterization of biomolecules within intricate biological environments. This chapter offers an outline of the basic principles of analytical chemistry employed in bioanalytical techniques. It covers key topics including sample preparation techniques, separation methods such as chromatography and electrophoresis, detection techniques including mass spectrometry and spectroscopy, and data analysis strategies. In addition, advancements in instrumentation, miniaturization, and automation are discussed, highlighting their impact on improving the sensitivity, selectivity, and throughput of bioanalytical workflows. Overall, this review emphasizes the pivotal role of analytical chemistry in driving innovations and advancements in bioanalysis.